A calculus of suffering pain professionalism and anesthesia in nineteenth century america martin s pernick new york columbia university press 1985. Http deepbluelibumichedu bitstream 202742 116015 1 pernick calculus of sufferingpdf. A calculus of suffering pain professionalism and anesthesia in nineteenth century america pain professionalism and anesthesia in nineteenth century america reviewed by elizabeth fee. A calculus of suffering pain professionalism and anesthesia in nineteenth century america martin s pernick isbn 9780231051866 kostenloser versand fur alle bucher mit versand und verkauf duch amazon. The calculus of suffering in nineteenth century surgery pernick martin s 1983 04 the age old conflict between preserving life and alleviating pain was especially acute for mid 19th century american physicians who were trained in a tradition hostile to pain relieving efforts that involved any risk to related items in google scholar